QDAG
Integrates a function using a globally adaptive scheme based on Gauss-Kronrod rules.
Required Arguments
F — User-supplied FUNCTION to be integrated. The form is
F(X), where
X − Independent variable. (Input)
F − The function value. (Output)
F must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling program.
A — Lower limit of integration. (Input)
B — Upper limit of integration. (Input)
RESULT — Estimate of the integral from A to B of F. (Output)
Optional Arguments
ERRABS — Absolute accuracy desired. (Input)
Default: ERRABS = 1.e-3 for single precision and 1.d-8 for double precision.
ERRREL — Relative accuracy desired. (Input)
Default: ERRREL = 1.e-3 for single precision and 1.d-8 for double precision.
IRULE — Choice of quadrature rule. (Input)
Default: IRULE = 2.
The Gauss-Kronrod rule is used with the following points:
|
IRULE |
Points |
|
1 |
7-15 |
|
2 |
10-21 |
|
3 |
15-31 |
|
4 |
20-41 |
|
5 |
25-51 |
|
6 |
30-61 |
IRULE = 2 is recommended for most functions. If the function has a peak singularity, use IRULE = 1. If the function is oscillatory, use IRULE = 6.
ERREST — Estimate of the absolute value of the error. (Output)
FORTRAN 90 Interface
Generic: CALL QDAG (F, A, B, RESULT [, …])
Specific: The specific interface names are S_QDAG and D_QDAG.
FORTRAN 77 Interface
Single: CALL QDAG (F, A, B, ERRABS, ERRREL, IRULE, RESULT, ERREST)
Double: The double precision name is DQDAG.
Description
The routine QDAG is a general-purpose integrator that uses a globally adaptive scheme in order to reduce the absolute error. It subdivides the interval [A, B] and uses a (2k + 1)-point Gauss-Kronrod rule to estimate the integral over each subinterval. The error for each subinterval is estimated by comparison with the k-point Gauss quadrature rule. The subinterval with the largest estimated error is then bisected and the same procedure is applied to both halves. The bisection process is continued until either the error criterion is satisfied, roundoff error is detected, the subintervals become too small, or the maximum number of subintervals allowed is reached. The routine QDAG is based on the subroutine QAG by Piessens et al. (1983).
Should QDAG fail to produce acceptable results, then one of the IMSL functions QDAG* may be appropriate. These routines are documented in this chapter.
Comments
1. Workspace may be explicitly provided, if desired, by use of Q2AG/DQ2AG. The reference is:
CALL Q2AG (F, A, B, ERRABS, ERRREL, IRULE, RESULT, ERREST, MAXSUB, NEVAL, NSUBIN, ALIST, BLIST, RLIST, ELIST, IORD)
The additional arguments are as follows:
MAXSUB — Number of subintervals allowed. (Input)
A value of 500 is used by QDAG.
NEVAL — Number of evaluations of F. (Output)
NSUBIN — Number of subintervals generated. (Output)
ALIST — Array of length MAXSUB containing a list of the NSUBIN left endpoints. (Output)
BLIST — Array of length MAXSUB containing a list of the NSUBIN right endpoints. (Output)
RLIST — Array of length MAXSUB containing approximations to the NSUBIN integrals over the intervals defined by ALIST, BLIST. (Output)
ELIST — Array of length MAXSUB containing the error estimates of the NSUBIN values in RLIST. (Output)
IORD — Array of length MAXSUB. (Output)
Let K be NSUBIN if NSUBIN.LE.(MAXSUB/2 + 2), MAXSUB + 1 − NSUBIN otherwise. The first K locations contain pointers to the error estimates over the corresponding subintervals, such that ELIST(IORD(1)), …, ELIST(IORD(K)) form a decreasing sequence.
2. Informational errors
|
Type |
Code |
Description |
|
4 |
1 |
The maximum number of subintervals allowed has been reached. |
|
3 |
2 |
Roundoff error, preventing the requested tolerance from being achieved, has been detected. |
|
3 |
3 |
A degradation in precision has been detected. |
3. If EXACT is the exact value, QDAG attempts to find RESULT such that
ABS(EXACT − RESULT).LE.MAX(ERRABS, ERRREL * ABS(EXACT)). To specify only a relative error, set ERRABS to zero. Similarly, to specify only an absolute error, set ERRREL to zero.
Example
The value of
is estimated. Since the integrand is not oscillatory, IRULE = 1 is used. The values of the actual and estimated error are machine dependent.
USE QDAG_INT
USE UMACH_INT
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER IRULE, NOUT
REAL A, ABS, B, ERRABS, ERREST, ERROR, EXACT, EXP, &
F, RESULT
INTRINSIC ABS, EXP
EXTERNAL F
! Get output unit number
CALL UMACH (2, NOUT)
! Set limits of integration
A = 0.0
B = 2.0
! Set error tolerances
ERRABS = 0.0
! Parameter for non-oscillatory
! function
IRULE = 1
CALL QDAG (F, A, B, RESULT, ERRABS=ERRABS, IRULE=IRULE, ERREST=ERREST)
! Print results
EXACT = 1.0 + EXP(2.0)
ERROR = ABS(RESULT-EXACT)
WRITE (NOUT,99999) RESULT, EXACT, ERREST, ERROR
99999 FORMAT (' Computed =', F8.3, 13X, ' Exact =', F8.3, /, /, &
' Error estimate =', 1PE10.3, 6X, 'Error =', 1PE10.3)
END
!
REAL FUNCTION F (X)
REAL X
REAL EXP
INTRINSIC EXP
F = X*EXP(X)
RETURN
END
Computed = 8.389 Exact = 8.389
Error estimate = 5.000E-05 Error = 9.537E-07
